by Martin Salcedo, Esq. - The Human Equation
on 1/9/2019 Some workplaces have a higher risk of unlawful harassment than others. According to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, various factors can increase the likelihood of unlawful workplace harassment. Do any of the following risk factors exist in your workplace?
More... by Martin Salcedo, Esq. - The Human Equation
on 10/30/2018 The #MeToo movement has put a spotlight on workplace sexual harassment and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission has taken notice. The EEOC released preliminary enforcement data for the 2018 fiscal year to highlight its recent efforts to address the pervasive problem of workplace harassment. More...
by Martin Salcedo, Esq. - The Human Equation
on 5/9/2018 Employees of a Mercedes-Benz dealership in California filed a lawsuit to collect unpaid overtime compensation under the Fair Labor Standards Act. They took their case all the way up to the United States Supreme Court. In April 2018, the Court issued its 5-4 decision. The employees lost.
More... by Martin Salcedo, Esq. - The Human Equation
on 7/7/2016 Did you know that each year there are more than 3 million serious (requiring more than first aid) workplace injuries and illnesses? Even though the Occupational Safety and Health Act requires employers to provide safe and healthy workplaces, the number of injuries and illnesses remains unacceptably high. To help combat this problem, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) recently revised various workplace safety regulations.
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Tags: OSHA, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, Workplace Safety, ergonomics and facilities safety, equipment, Employee Relations and Communication, Employment Liability, Workplace Rights, Workplace Rights
Categories: 2016, Human Resources, Risk Management, Safety
by The Human Equation, Inc.
on 1/13/2016 Should employers be concerned that the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) achieved record enforcement results in 2015? Yes! Enforcement of federal equal employment opportunity laws is essentially a zero-sum game. If the EEOC is winning, employers must be losing, and according to the EEOC’s 2015 Performance Report, employers have been losing a lot.
More... by Martin Salcedo, Esq. - The Human Equation
on 3/18/2015 The most recent enforcement and litigation data released by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) confirm that employment-related liabilities remain one of the most significant risks facing employers. Controlling these risks requires an understanding of what employers can and cannot do under the various equal employment opportunity laws enforced by the EEOC, including:
- Title VII of the Civil Rights Act (Title VII)
- the Pregnancy Discrimination Act
- the Equal Pay Act (EPA)
- the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA)
- the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
- the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA).
These laws generally make it illegal for employers to discriminate on the basis of a person’s protected characteristic, such as an employee’s or applicant’s race, color, religion, sex (including pregnancy), national origin, age (40 or older), disability or genetic information. It is also illegal to retaliate against a person because he or she complained about discrimination, filed a charge of discrimination, or participated in an employment discrimination investigation or lawsuit.
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by Martin Salcedo, Esq. - The Human Equation
on 8/27/2014
In 1978, the Pregnancy Discrimination Act (PDA) was added to Title VII of the Civil Rights Act to prohibit employment discrimination based on pregnancy, childbirth and related medical conditions. In July 2014, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) issued enforcement guidance regarding pregnancy in the workplace. It has been over 30 years since the EEOC last issued any PDA guidance.
The EEOC’s guidance identifies two fundamental requirements of the PDA:
- Covered employers, which are generally employers with 15 or more employees, may not discriminate against an employee on the basis of pregnancy, childbirth or related medical conditions.
- Women affected by pregnancy, childbirth or related medical conditions must be treated the same as other persons not so affected but similar in their ability or inability to work.
The PDA, which covers all aspects of employment, including firing, hiring, promotions and fringe benefits (leave, health insurance, etc.), prohibits discrimination based on an employee’s:
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Tags: 2014, ADA, employee relations and diversity, Employment Liability, EEOC, Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, Nursing Mothers, The Family and Medical Leave Act, Workplace Rights, Pregnancy Discrimination Act, Civil Rights Act, PDA
Categories: Human Resources, Risk Management
by The Human Equation, Inc.
on 1/29/2014 The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) is on a mission. According to its Strategic Plan for Fiscal Years 2012 through 2016, the EEOC is focused on:
- combating employment discrimination with administrative (investigation, mediation, conciliation) and litigation enforcement mechanisms
- preventing employment discrimination with education and outreach activities
- delivering excellent and consistent services with effective systems.
The EEOC’s enforcement objectives and activities provide valuable insight into what employers should pay special attention to when dealing with equal employment opportunity matters. According to its Fiscal Year 2013 Performance and Accountability Report, the EEOC:
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Tags: 2014, EEOC, Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, Age Discrimination in Employment Act, Business Strategy, Disability and Discrimination Policies, Discrimination, diversity, Employment Liability, Workplace Harassment and Discrimination, Workplace Rights
Categories: 2014, Human Resources, Risk Management
by Martin Salcedo, Esq. - The Human Equation
on 10/2/2013
On September 17, 2013, the Department of Labor (DOL) announced a final rule that will extend the Fair Labor Standards Act’s minimum wage and overtime protections to most of the nation’s workers who provide home care assistance to elderly people and people with illnesses, injuries and disabilities. The DOL estimates that when it becomes effective on January 1, 2015, this new rule will extend the FLSA’s protections to nearly two million direct care workers.
According to the DOL, direct care workers remain among the lowest paid in the service industry because they have been denied minimum wage and overtime compensation under the FLSA’s companionship services exemption. The DOL suggests that courts have applied this exemption too broadly to encompass essentially all workers providing companionship services for those requiring care because of age or infirmity.
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Tags: 2013, benefits & compensation administration, Disability and Discrimination Policies, Discrimination, DOL, Employee Status and Job Descriptions, Employment Liability, FLSA, Fair Labor Standards Act, Department of Labor, Minimum Wage and Overtime, Home Care Assistance, Direct Care Workers, Third Party Employers
Categories: 2013, Human Resources, Risk Management
by The Human Equation, Inc.
on 8/21/2013
Title VII prohibits retaliation against employees who engage in protected activity, such as opposing or alleging unlawful workplace discrimination. Those suing for unlawful retaliation must prove that there is a link between the retaliation and their protected activity. But, how strong must the link be? The U.S. Supreme Court recently answered this question in University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center v. Nassar.
In this case, Dr. Nassar alleged that his supervisor was biased against him on account of his religion and ethnic heritage. His supervisor once remarked that “Middle Easterners are lazy,” and, upon hearing that another physician of Middle Eastern descent was hired, the supervisor said that the hospital had “hired another one.” Dr. Nassar lodged several complaints about his treatment. Thereafter, a series of events led to Dr. Nassar leaving the hospital for another position. More...
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Tags: 2013, Background and Reference Checks, benefits & compensation administration, benefits & compensation administration, benefits & compensation administration, Benefits and Compensation, Benefits and Compensation Administration, Business Strategy, Contractual and Other Liabilities, Disability and Discrimination Policies, Discrimination, employee relations and diversity, Employee Status and Job Descriptions, Employment Liability, Workplace Rights, Workplace Harassment and Discrimination, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
Categories: 2013, Human Resources, Risk Management
by Martin Salcedo, Esq. - The Human Equation
on 7/17/2013
Who is considered a supervisor under Title VII? Since our last article discussing Vance v. Ball State University, the U.S. Supreme Court has given us the answer. According to the Court, a supervisor is a person
empowered by the employer to take tangible employment actions against the victim; to effect a significant change in employment status, such as hiring, firing, failing to promote, reassignment with significantly different responsibilities, or a decision causing a significant change in benefits.
Vance involved allegations of racial harassment and discrimination in violation of Title VII. Though the parties disputed the precise nature and scope of the harasser’s duties, it was clear that the harasser did not have the power to hire, fire, demote, promote, transfer or discipline the plaintiff. Given the harasser’s inability to take a tangible employment action against the plaintiff, the Court held that the harasser does not qualify as a supervisor under Title VII. More...
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Tags: 2013, Background and Reference Checks, Benefits and Compensation, Benefits and Compensation Administration, bonuses & pay increases, Business Strategy, Contractual and Other Liabilities, Discrimination, EEOC, DOLFMLA, Employee Status and Job Descriptions, Employment Liability, Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, Laws and Regulations, Managers, Productivity and Performance, Rules and Conduct, Sexual Harassment, The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Workplace Harassment and Discrimination, Workplace Rights
Categories: 2013, Human Resources, Risk Management
by Martin Salcedo, Esq. - The Human Equation
on 6/18/2013
In a previous article we discussed the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission’s (EEOC) position on the use of arrest and conviction records in the employment context. According to the EEOC, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act (Title VII) prohibits the use of arrest and conviction records in a manner that discriminates on the basis of race, color, national origin, religion, or sex. The EEOC recently reaffirmed its position by filing two lawsuits involving the use of criminal background records.
BMW Manufacturing Co.
The EEOC claims that BMW’s criminal conviction policy, which disproportionately screened out African Americans, is not job related and consistent with business necessity. The lawsuit alleges that BMW’s policy is a blanket exclusion that does not provide for an individualized assessment of the nature and gravity of the crimes, the ages of the convictions, or the nature of the workers’ respective positions. More...
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Tags: 2013, Background and Reference Checks, Business Strategy, Discrimination, diversity, Employee Status and Job Descriptions, Employment Liability, Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, Laws and Regulations, recruiting and offers, Risk Management, EEOC, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Workplace Rights, Workplace Harassment and Discrimination
Categories: 2013, Human Resources, Risk Management
by Martin Salcedo, Esq. - The Human Equation
on 4/30/2013
Those of you following us on Facebook or Twitter know that the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Service (USCIS) recently revised the Employment Eligibility Verification Form (Form I-9). Though optional since early March 2013, the revised Form I-9 will become mandatory on May 7, 2013. As of this date, employers must stop using prior versions of the Form I-9 and begin using the version dated 03/08/13. (The version date can be found at the bottom of the form.)
I-9’s are used by employers to verify the identity and employment authorization of every new employee hired in the United States, regardless of citizenship. This process is authorized by the Immigration Reform and Control Act to preclude the unlawful hiring, recruiting or accepting a fee for the referral of aliens who are not authorized to work in the United States. More...
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Tags: 2013, Background and Reference Checks, Business Strategy, Contractual and Other Liabilities, Employee Status and Job Descriptions, Employment Liability, government forms, Human Resources, Hiring, Interviewing, Laws and Regulations, personnel forms and handbooks, Risk Management, Workers' Compensation, Form I-9, I-9s, US Citizenship and Immigration Service, USCIS, New I-9
Categories: 2013, Human Resources, Risk Management
by Martin Salcedo, Esq. - The Human Equation
on 4/3/2013 Did you know that individuals can be held personally liable for violations of the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA)? The FLSA’s broad definition of employer includes “any person acting directly or indirectly in the interests of an employer in relation to an employee.” The Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals recently considered when it is appropriate to hold someone personally liable for wage and hour violations under the FLSA.
In Lamonica v. Safe Hurricane Shutters, Inc., former employees sued their employer to recover unpaid overtime wages under the FLSA. The employees also sued two of the corporate-employer’s directors, arguing that they sufficiently controlled the corporation to justify holding them personally liable under the FLSA. To support their case against the directors, the employees showed that: More...
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Tags: 2013, benefits & compensation administration, benefits & compensation administration, Benefits and Compensation, Benefits and Compensation Administration, bonuses & pay increases, Bonuses and Pay Increases, Business Strategy, Employee Status and Job Descriptions, Employment Liability, Fair Labor Standards Act, FLSA, Hiring, Human Resources, Laws and Regulations, Managers, Risk Management, Rules and Conduct, The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), wage & hour, wage & hour, Wage and Hour, Workplace Rights
Categories: 2013, Human Resources, Risk Management
by Martin Salcedo, Esq. - The Human Equation
on 3/12/2013 The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) establishes federal standards for minimum wage and overtime compensation. Under the FLSA, interns in the for-profit private sector will generally be viewed as employees entitled to compensation except in very limited circumstances.
Whether an individual working in an internship or training program is considered an employee that should be paid minimum wage and overtime compensation under the FLSA depends on the facts and circumstances. When making this determination, the following criteria must be applied to each particular situation:
- The internship, even though it includes performing actual work, is similar to training which would be given in an educational environment;
- The internship experience is for the benefit of the intern;
- The intern works under close supervision of existing staff and does not displace regular employees;
- The employer derives no immediate advantage from the activities of the intern, and its operations may occasionally be impeded by the intern;
- The intern is not necessarily entitled to a job at the conclusion of the internship; and
- The employer and the intern understand that the intern is not entitled to wages for the time spent in the internship.
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Tags: 2013, FLSA, Fair Labor Standards Act, Employment Liability, Employee Status and Job Descriptions, The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), Internships, Workplace Rights, wage & hour, Unpaid Internship
Categories: 2013, Human Resources, Risk Management
by Martin Salcedo, Esq. - The Human Equation
on 1/29/2013 The 11th Circuit Court of Appeals recently became the first federal appellate court to consider a significant, though rarely publicized, provision of the Affordable Care Act—the reasonable break time requirement for nursing mothers under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA).
In Miller v. Roche Surety and Casualty, an employee sued her employer alleging a violation of her rights as a nursing mother under the FLSA. Under the FLSA, employers are required to provide reasonable break time for an employee to express breast milk for her nursing child. This requirement, which extends for 1 year after the child's birth, requires an employer to provide “a place, other than a bathroom, that is shielded from view and free from intrusion from coworkers and the public,” so that the employee may express breast milk.
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Tags: 2013, Fair Labor Standards Act, FLSA, Human Resources, Workplace Rights, The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), Risk Management, Rules and Conduct, Reasonable Break Requirement, Nursing Mothers
Categories: 2013, Human Resources, Risk Management
by Martin Salcedo, Esq. - The Human Equation
on 1/8/2013 The Fair Labor Standards Act limits an employer’s ability to make salary deductions from employees who are exempt from the FLSA’s overtime compensation provisions. Exempt employees must generally receive their full salary for any week in which they perform any work, regardless of the number of days or hours worked. And, the FLSA generally does not allow employers to deduct from an exempt employee’s salary because of variations in the quality or quantity of work performed.
However, there are limited exceptions to the FLSA’s general rule against salary deductions for exempt employees. For example, salary deductions are allowed:
More... by Martin Salcedo, Esq. - The Human Equation
on 11/20/2012 An employer’s liability for sexual harassment under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act depends on whether the harasser is a supervisor. If the alleged harasser is the victim’s co-employee, the employer may have various defenses to liability. However, if the harasser is a supervisor, Title VII’s strict liability standard may be triggered and the employer may be left defenseless.
So, who is considered a supervisor under Title VII?
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Tags: 2012, Business Strategy, Discrimination, EEOC, Employee Status and Job Descriptions, Employment Liability, Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, Fair Labor Standards Act, Human Resources, Laws and Regulations, Managers, Risk Management, Rules and Conduct, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Workplace Rights, Workplace Harassment and Discrimination, Sexual Harassment, Obama, Supreme Court, November, Vance v. Ball State University
Categories: 2012, Human Resources, Risk Management
by Martin Salcedo, Esq. - The Human Equation
on 9/17/2012 Employers who rely on job titles when determining whether an employee is exempt from federal overtime pay requirements risk being named as defendant in a wage and hour lawsuit.
Employers often assume that the Fair Labor Standards Act’s (FLSA’s) executive exemption automatically applies to any employee given the title of “manager.” The reality, however, is that the manager title has virtually nothing to do with whether an employee qualifies for the executive exemption. More...
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Tags: 2012, Benefits and Compensation Administration, Bonuses and Pay Increases, Employment Liability, Employee Status and Job Descriptions, Laws and Regulations, The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), Wage and Hour, Managers, Overtime Pay, Overtime
Categories: 2012, Human Resources, Risk Management
by Martin Salcedo, Esq. - The Human Equation
on 7/26/2012 Social media websites like Facebook have become the new water cooler. Once discussions (and gossip) about the workplace, supervisors and co-workers moved online, employers started getting curious about who was saying what to whom. More...